help icio
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Title
icio -- Economic Analysis with Inter-Country Input-Output tables
Syntax
Load an ICIO table (required to run icio):
icio_load, [icio_load_options]
List of countries and sectors in the loaded ICIO table:
icio, info
Supply, final demand and supply-final demand linkages:
1. Gross Domestic Product:
icio, origin(country_code[, sector_code]) [standard_options]
2. Final demand:
icio, destination(country_code[, sector_code]) [standard_options]
3. Value-added by origin and final destination:
icio, origin(country_code[, sector_code]) destination(country_code[, sector_code]) [standard_options]
Value-added decomposition of trade flows and GVC participation:
1. Value-added and GVC participation in total exports of a country:
a) Value-added and GVC participation in total aggregate exports:
icio, exporter(country_code) [methods_1a] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
b) Value-added and GVC participation in total sectoral exports:
icio, exporter(country_code, sector_code) [methods_1b] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
2. Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral exports:
a) Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral aggregate exports:
icio, exporter(country_code) importer(country_code) [methods_2a] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
b) Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral sectoral exports:
icio, exporter(country_code, sector_code) importer(country_code) [methods_2b] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
3. Value-added in total imports of a country:
a) Value-added in total aggregate imports:
icio, importer(country_code) [methods_3a] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
b) Value-added in total sectoral imports:
icio, importer(country_code, sector_code) [methods_3b] [output_exports] [origin_destination] [standard_options]
Description
icio is suited to measure trade in value-added and participation in GVCs of countries and sectors by exploiting Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO)
tables. It provides decompositions of aggregate, bilateral and sectoral exports and imports according to the source and the destination of their
value-added content.
The icio_load command allows to work directly with the most popular ICIO tables - WIOD (Timmer et al. 2015), TIVA (OECD), EORA (Lenzen et al. 2013), ADB
MRIO (Asian Development Bank MRIOT Database); in addition, any other user-provided ICIO table can be loaded(see the option user() of icio_load). icio
also allows to work with user-defined groups of countries, which means that output measures can be computed for a country group (e.g. the "Euro area",
"MERCOSUR" or "ASEAN") as a whole while taking into account the specific supply/demand/trade structure of each member of the group (see the option
groups() for more details).
icio encompasses the most relevant measures of value-added in exports and imports at different level of aggregation. It follows closely the accounting
framework presented in Borin and Mancini (2019), which - in turn - extends, refines and reconciles the other main contributions in this strand of the
literature (Johnson and Noguera, 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Koopman et al. 2014; Borin and Mancini, 2015; Los et al., 2016; Nagengast and Stehrer, 2016;
Johnson, 2018; Miroudot and Ye, 2018; Los and Timmer, 2018). A key feature of the conceptual scheme proposed by Borin and Mancini (2019) is that
different empirical questions call for distinct accounting methods, along with different level of aggregation of trade flows. The icio command shares
the same rationale.
According to the specific empirical application, the user should select:
i) a certain type of trade flow (i.e. aggregate exports/imports, sectoral exports/imports, bilateral flows, sectoral-bilateral flows), through the
options exporter(country_code[, sector_code]) and/or importer(country_code[, sector_code]);
ii) a certain accounting methodology, that can be specified using the perspective() and approach() options, otherwise default options are applied.
These accounting methodologies differ in the way 'double counted' components are computed, i.e. items that are recorded several times in a given gross
trade flow due to the back-and-forth shipments that occur in a cross-national production process (see Borin and Mancini, 2019 and the Example section
for a mapping of the questions under investigation and the accounting methods needed to address them).
iii) the desired output measures. The possibility to choose among different output measures allows to address a wide range of empirical issues.
Moreover, origin(country_code[, sector_code]) and destination(country_code[, sector_code]) options can always be specified in order to select the
country/sector where the trade value is produced (origin) and the country/sector where it is absorbed by final demand (destination).
The command allows to reproduce many of the measures of trade in value-added proposed in the literature, however they are not computed using the
original formulations whenever they have been found to be inexact or imprecise. For instance, a corrected version of the Koopman et al. (2014)
decomposition of aggregate exports can be computed as: icio, exporter(country_code) perspective(world) approach(sink).
For export flows at different disaggregation level it is also possible to compute the value of trade that is related to GVCs, i.e. that crosses more
than one border. The backward and forward GVC participation measures are based on Borin and Mancini (2015, 2019) which consistently refine the vertical
specialization index proposed by Hummels et al.(2001).
When neither exporter() nor importer() options are specified, the icio command can be used to compute the GDP (i.e. value-added) produced by a given
country or industry (origin()), to measure final demand in different countries and sectors (destination()), or a combination of the two (when both
origin and destination are specified).
Options
Load an ICIO table (required to run icio):
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icio_load options Description
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iciotable(table_name [, usertable_options]) specify the icio table to be used for the analysis; default is wiodn
year(#) set the year to be used for the analysis; default is the last available year: year(2014) for wiodn,
year(2015) for tivan, year(2015) for eora. Not needed for user-provided tables
info describe the source and the version of the Input Output databases available in icio
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table_name Description
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wiodn World Input-Output Database, last version. See Timmer et al. (2015) and WIOD website
tivan OECD Trade in value-added tables, last version. See OECD (2018) and the dedicated OECD website
eora Eora Global MRIO tables. See Lenzen et al. (2013) and http://worldmrio.com/
adb ADB MRIO tables. See the Asian Development Bank MRIOT Database at http://mrio.adbx.online/
wiodo World Input-Output Database, previous version
tivao OECD Trade in value-added tables, previous version
user User-created tables. This option allows icio to work with tables that have been pre-downloaded and formatted by
the user. See usertable_options. Details on the required format are specified in the Remarks section below.
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usertable_options Description
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Only when user is selected in table_name
userpath(string) specifies the full path to a folder containing two user-defined files: the user-defined table and country-list
files
tablename(string) specifies the name of the user-created table
countrylistname(string) specifies the name of the user-created country-list
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Remarks on user provided tables
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icio user-created tables and related country lists must be provided in csv format. The table's csv file must contain only one matrix of dimension
(GxN)x(GxN+GxU), where G is the number of countries, N the number of sectors and U the number of uses (i.e., consumption, investment, etc.). As a purely
illustrative example, consider the case of importing a IO table from WIOD 2016 release (indeed, the user does not need to manually import WIOD, TiVA,
EORA or ADB tables, they are already included in the icio package and can be loaded using the icio_load command with the appropriate options, see
icio_load_options). In this case, the matrix dimension in the user-provided csv file should be (44x56)x(44x56+44X5), that is 2464x2684, since G=44,
N=56, U=5. Thus considering a standard excel file of a WIOD table (release 2016) downloaded from the official website, the user provided csv should
include only data in the cell range E7 to CYJ2470. More in general, country and sector labels, total output, total consumption and total value-added
must not be included in the csv. Country list's csv file must only contain a vector (Gx1) of country names, reflecting the same order adopted in the
provided table's csv file.
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Supply, final demand and supply-final demand linkages:
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Through basic Input Output accounting, icio can display the GDP (i.e. value-added) produced by a given country/industry (origin of the value-added), the
final demand in different countries and sectors (destination of the value-added), or a combination of the two. With the options origin(country_code[,
sector_code]) and destination(country_code[, sector_code]) the desired measure is selected. Results for all countries or all sectors can be computed
and displayed simultaneously, using the option all for country_code or sector_name. Note that within a specific origin/destination option, country_code
and sector_name cannot be all at the same time.
1. Gross Domestic Product:
Display the value-added produced in a selected country/sector. All countries or all sectors can be selected at once with the option all. Examples are:
icio, origin(usa)
icio, origin(deu,18)
icio, origin(all,18)
icio, origin(deu,all)
2. Final demand:
Display the final demand absorbed in a selected country/sector. All countries or all sectors can be selected at once with the option all. Examples
are:
icio, destination(usa)
icio, destination(deu,18)
icio, destination(all,18)
icio, destination(deu,all)
3. Value-added by origin and final destination:
Display the value-added originated in a a selected country/sector and absorbed by the final demand of a selected country/sector. All countries or all
sectors of origin as well as all countries or all sectors of final demand can be selected at once with the option all. Examples are:
icio, origin(deu) destination(chn)
icio, origin(all) destination(chn)
icio, origin(deu,8) destination(chn,9)
icio, origin(deu,all) destination(chn,all)
Value-added decomposition of trade flows and GVC participation in exports:
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Depending on the specific empirical application, the user can choose the appropriate options in order to select: i) the desired trade flow; ii) the best
suited accounting methodology to single out 'double counted' components, i.e. items that are recorded several times in gross trade; iii) the appropriate
output measures.
i) Selection of trade flow:
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Through the options exporter(country_code[,sector_code]) and/or importer(country_code[,sector_code]) the user chooses to retrieve information on:
1.a - the total aggregate exports of a country
Example: icio, exporter(usa)
1.b - the total sectoral exports of a country
Example: icio, exporter(deu,20)
2.a - the bilateral aggregate exports of a country toward an importing partner
Example: icio, exporter(chn) importer(usa)
2.b - the bilateral sectoral exports of a country toward an importing partner
Example: icio, exporter(deu,20) importer(usa)
3.a - the total aggregate imports of a country
Example: icio, importer(usa)
3.b - the total sectoral imports of a country
Example: icio, importer(usa,20)
ii) Accounting methodology:
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The options perspective() and approach() can be used to select the accounting methodology best suited to the specific phenomenon under investigation. In
particular the option perspective() defines the 'perimeter' according to which something is classified as 'value-added' or 'double counted', the latter
being the items that cross this perimeter more than once. For instance, the boundaries may be defined at the level of the exporting country (or the
importing one), or of a specific bilateral relation, or of a single exporting sector within a bilateral flow. Note that the perspective may differ from
the level of disaggregation of trade flow that is considered (i.e. the perimeter that identifies the perspective can be set at a more aggregate level as
compared to the selected trade flow). For instance, if the question is: what part of a country's GDP is exported? It will be necessary to select
exporter(country_code) and perspective(exporter) as options, such that the exporting country's frontiers as a whole constitute the perimeter that
matters in deciding whether or not a certain item has to be classified as domestic value-added (GDP) or double-counted. The perspective(exporter) has
to be used also when one seeks a measure of value-added in sectoral and/or bilateral exports that can be added up to the exporter's GDP in its total
exports.
Alternative perspectives are better suited to address other issues. For instance, if we are interested in measuring the exporter's value-added that is
exposed to a tariff imposed on a given sector from a certain partner, we want to consider as 'value-added' the entire GDP that is involved in this
sectoral-bilateral relationship, even if part of that was previously exported to other countries/sectors (i.e. classified as 'domestic double counting'
when perspective(exporter) is selected). In this case the option perspective(sectbil) has to be chosen so that the specific sectoral-bilateral
relationship become the new relevant perimeter, and only the items that enter multiple times in this trade flow are considered as 'double counting'.
Whenever an exporting country is specified, the command always allows to select the perspective(exporter) as an option, while perspective(sectexp),
perspective(bilateral) and perspective(sectbil) are available only for sectoral, bilateral and sectoral-bilateral flows respectively.
For the aggregate exports of a country, it is possible to choose perspective(world) as an option which is applied to the accounting of foreign value
added (FVA), as in Koopman et al. (2014) and Miroudot and Ye (2018). According to this perspective a certain item is considered as FVA only the first
(or the last) time it crosses a foreign border, whereas all the other times it crosses any foreign border it is classified as double counted. Then by
using perspective(exporter) a certain item is accounted for as FVA only once in the total exports of a country, whereas perspective(world) requires it
to be accounted for as FVA only once in total world exports.
When the exporter() is not specified, icio allows only perspective(importer) for aggregate imports and perspective(sectimp) for sectoral imports. The
former should be adopted to compute the value-added of a given country that enters, directly or indirectly, in the total imports of a given country; the
latter to compute the value-added that enters in a specific sector of import.
Whenever the perspective is set at a more aggregate level as compared to the considered trade flow, also the option approach() can be defined to choose
in which disaggregated flow a certain item should be accounted for as 'value-added' or 'double-counted'. Suppose, for instance, that along the
production process a certain item is exported by country A first to country B and than to country C. By choosing approach(source) the item is
classified as 'value-added' the first time it leaves the national border (i.e. in the exports toward B), whereas the sink-based approach considers it as
'value-added' the last time it crosses the border (i.e. in the exports toward C). The choice between the two approaches depends on the particular
empirical issue we want to address. The source approach is designed to examine the production linkages and the country/sector participation to different
types of production processes and to study the features of the production processes in which export flows are involved. Conversely, the value-added in
the sink-based approach is recorded as closely as possible to the moment when it is ultimately absorbed. This makes it more suited to studying the
relationship between value-added in exports and final demand.
All the perspective() and approach() options available for the different trade flows are reported here below.
1. Value-added and GVC participation in total exports of a country
a) Value-added and GVC participation in total aggregate exports: Description
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perspective(exporter) the default
perspective(world) world perspective for foreign value-added accounting. This perspective entails the selection of
approach(source) (the default) or approach(sink)
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b) Value-added and GVC participation in total sectoral exports: Description
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perspective(exporter) the default. This allows to display output for each exporting sector at once by setting sector_code
as all. This perspective entails the selection of approach(source) (the default) or approach(sink)
perspective(sectexp)
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2. Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral exports:
a) Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral aggregate exports: Description
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perspective(exporter) the default. This perspective entails the selection of approach(source) (the default) or
approach(sink)
perspective(bilateral)
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b) Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral sectoral exports: Description
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perspective(exporter) the default. This allows to display output for each exporting sector at once by setting sector_code
as all. This perspective entails the selection of approach(source) (the default) or approach(sink)
perspective(sectbil)
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3. Value-added in total imports of a country:
a) Value-added in total aggregate imports: Description
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perspective(importer) the default
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b) Value-added and GVC participation in bilateral sectoral exports: Description
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perspective(sectimp) the default
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iii) Output and other options:
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For the selected trade flow, icio allows to compute the main indicators of gross trade and value-added by specifying the output() option. For export
flows the default output option - output(detailed) - shows a complete value-added decomposition of the trade flows according to the conceptual scheme
proposed by Koopman et al. (2014) and refined by Borin and Mancini (2019). Gross trade - gtrade - is first split in the part that is originally
produced by the exporting country (domestic content - dc) and the part that is produced abroad (foreign content - fc); in turn, each of these components
is broken down in a part of value-added item (domestic value-added - dva - and foreign value-added - fva) and in a part of double counting. The
methodology used to single out the value-added and double-counted components changes according to the selected perspective/approach options (while
gtrade, dc, fc measures have to be the same for all the accounting methodologies by construction). The detailed output include also additional
indicators of trade in value-added that have been singled out in the literature (es. VAX by Johnson and Noguera, 2012; Reflection by Koopman et al.
2014; DAVAX and VAXIM by Borin and Mancini, 2015 and 2019). The additional indicators that are included in the detailed output vary consistently with
the selected perspective/approach.
Instead of the whole detailed output the user can compute only one of the main trade indicators choosing one of the following output() options: gtrade,
dc, dva, fc and fva.
In addition to value-added and gross trade measures, for any export flow it is also possible to compute the value of trade that is related to GVCs, as
developed in Borin and Mancini (2015). The 'GVC-related trade' includes all the traded items that cross at least two international borders, i.e. that
are re-exported at least once. The backward and forward GVC participation measures are based on Borin and Mancini (2019) which consistently refine the
vertical specialization index proposed by Hummels et al.(2001). GVC-related indicators, that are sub-components of the selected export flow, are shown
in the detailed output by default (or when perspective(exporter) and approach(source) are specified). Alternatively it is possible to obtain a single
measure of GVC trade by specifying gvc, gvcb and gvcf as arguments of the output() option for total, backward and forward GVC indicators respectively.
For value-added and GVC indicators of the selected trade flow it is also possible to single out the country/sector where the goods/services where
originally produced by specifying the origin(country_code[,sector_code]) option, as well as the market/sector where it is absorbed in final demand by
specifying the destination(country_code[,sector_code]) option. When one seeks a measure of value-added produced by a specific country/sector the option
output(va) should be specified. Note that, when the country in origin() correspond to that specified in exporter(), icio provides the same results when
selecting output(dva) or output(va).
output() options and the other options available for export and import trade flows are reported here below.
Output options for decomposition of exports: Description
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detailed ask for the detailed decomposition. This is the default if origin/destination are not specified.
gtrade ask for gross trade. This is the default if origin/destination are specified.
va ask for value-added
dc ask for domestic content (dva+domestic double counting)
dva ask for domestic value-added
fc ask for foreign content (fva+foreign double counting)
fva ask for foreign value-added
gvc ask for global value chain related trade (gvcb+gvcf). It can be computed only if
perspective(exporter) and approach(source) are selected, which are also the default options for
any type of exports
gvcb ask for backward global value chain related trade. It can be computed only if
perspective(exporter) and approach(source) are selected, which are also the default options for
any type of exports
gvcf ask for forward global value chain related trade. It can be computed only if perspective(exporter)
and approach(source) are selected, which are also the default options for any type of exports
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Output options for decomposition of imports: Description
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gtrade ask for gross trade. This is the default
va ask for value-added
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Origin and destination of the decomposed trade flow: Description
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origin(country_code [, sector_code]) ask for the country/sector where the trade value is produced. Results for all countries or all
sectors can be computed and displayed simultaneously, using the option all for country_code or
sector_code.
destination(country_code [, sector_code]) ask for the country/sector where the trade value is absorbed by final demand. Results for all
countries or all sectors can be computed and displayed simultaneously, using the option all for
country_code or sector_code.
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General options: Description
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save(filename [, replace]) save the icio output (scalar, vector or matrix) in memory to an excel file. replace specifies that
it is okay to replace filename.xls if it already exists
groups(grouping_rule "user_defined_group" [...]) specifies a user-defined grouping of countries. For example, if groups(prt,esp,ita,cyp,grc,mlt,tur
"south_europe") is specified, the group "south_europe" will be created including Portugal,
Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Greece, Malta and Turkey. The comma-separated list of country codes
prt,esp,ita,cyp,grc,mlt,tur is in this case the grouping_rule while "south_europe" is the
user_defined_group name. Run icio, info for the list of available country codes for the
currently loaded IO table
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Examples
Set-up:
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Load a specific year of the WIOD (last version) table
icio_load, iciot(wiodn) year(2014)
Display available country and sector codes for the loaded table
icio, info
Supply-final demand linkages:
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What is the GDP (value-added) produced by each country?
icio, origin(all)
How much value-added does each country produces in a given sector?
icio, origin(all,19)
What is the aggregate final demand of each country?
icio, destination(all)
What is the value-added originated in Germany and absorbed in China?
icio, origin(deu) destination(chn)
Where the value-added produced in the Italian sector 19 is absorbed?
icio, origin(ita,19) destination(all)
Which final demand sectors in China are the most important for the absorption of US-made value-added?
icio, origin(usa) destination(chn,all)
Where the GDP produced in each country is absorbed (and save the output as "supply_demand.xls" in the current working directory)?
icio, origin(all) destination(all) save("supply_demand.xls")
How much USMCA (former NAFTA) countries' final demand in sector 20 is satisfied by Chinese productions?
icio, origin(chn) destination(usmca,20) groups(usa, mex, can, "usmca")
Value-added trade and GVC participation:
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Which part of a country’s total exports is home produced, i.e. is domestic GDP?
icio, exporter(deu) output(dva)
Which part of a country’s total exports can be traced back to other countries GDP?
icio, exporter(deu) output(fva)
Where the foreign value-added in German exports is produced?
icio, origin(all) exporter(deu) output(fva)
Considering the bilateral exports from Italy to Germany, where the Italian GDP (domestic VA) re-exported by Germany is absorbed?
icio, exporter(ita) importer(deu) destination(all) output(dva)
How can be obtained the complete breakdown by origin and destination of the value-added (both domestic and foreign) for Chinese exports to the US?
icio, origin(all) exporter(chn) importer(usa) destination(all) output(va) save("CHN_to_USA.xls")
Which share of the German exports is related to GVC, i.e. cross more than one border?
icio, exporter(deu) output(gvc)
Which share of the German exports is related to backward and forward GVC?
icio, exporter(deu) output(gvcb)
icio, exporter(deu) output(gvcf)
Note that it is possible to get a detailed assessment of trade in value-added and GVC participation regarding a certain trade flow running:
icio, exporter(deu)
icio, exporter(usa) importer(chn)
icio, exporter(deu,19) importer(chn)
How can the (corrected) Koopman et al. (2014) decomposition be retrieved using icio?
icio, exporter(deu) perspective(world) approach(sink)
Trade policy analysis:
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Which is the Chinese GDP that at any point in time, passes through a certain bilateral trade flow, say Chinese exports to the US? In other terms, what
is the Chinese GDP potentially exposed to US tariffs on imports from China?
icio, exp(chn) imp(usa) persp(bilat) output(dva)
Which is the German GDP potentially exposed to US tariffs on all imports?
icio, origin(deu) imp(usa) persp(importer) output(va)
Which is the German GDP that could be affected by US tariffs on imports in sector 20?
icio, origin(deu) imp(usa,20) persp(sectimp) output(va)
Which is the exposure of US GDP to a Chinese tariff on US imports in sector 17?
icio, exp(usa,17) imp(chn) persp(sectbil) output(dva)
To what extent are Italian sectors exposed to a shock on German's exports in sector 20?
icio, origin(ita,all) exp(deu,20) persp(sectexp) output(va)
Miscellaneous:
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Store results in an excel file
icio, exporter(usa,all) save("USA_exports_decomp.xls")
Display (and save) large dimension results
icio, exporter(usa,all) save("USA_exports_decomp.xls")
matlist r(detailed)
icio, origin(all) destination(all) save("supply_demand.xls")
matlist r(vby)
Load a user-created table
icio_load, iciot(user, userp("path_to_the_table_folder") tablen(ADB_2011.csv) countrylist(adb_countrylist.csv))
Computes the detailed decomposition for a list of countries and stores the results in two matrices (dollar values and shares).
loc countries "ita deu fra esp"
foreach c of local countries {
qui icio, exp(`c')
m st_matrix("total_exports", st_matrix("r(detailed)")[.,1])
mat results_dollars = nullmat(results_dollars), total_exports
m st_matrix("total_exports_shares", st_matrix("r(detailed)")[.,2])
mat results_shares = nullmat(results_shares), total_exports_shares
}
matlist results_dollars
matlist results_shares
Citations
icio is not an official Stata command. It is a free contribution to the research community. See tradeconomics.com/icio/ for information on last updates.
Please cite it as such:
Belotti, F., Borin, A., and Mancini, M. (2020). icio: Economic Analysis with Inter-Country Input-Output tables in Stata. Policy Research Working
Paper; No. 9156. World Bank.
When measures of value-added in trade and GVC participation are used, please also cite:
Borin, A., and Mancini, M. (2019). Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 8804. World
Bank.
Remember to cite the original reference of the Inter-Country Input-Output database you are using with icio.
Further, you can cite the other works that have contributed to the development of each specific measure (see Borin and Mancini, 2019, for a critical
discussion of the different accounting methodologies proposed in the literature).
References
Borin, A., and Mancini, M. (2015). Follow the value added: bilateral gross export accounting. Economic Working Papers; No. 1026. Bank of Italy.
Borin, A., and Mancini, M. (2019). Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 8804. World
Bank.
Hummels, D., Ishii, J. and Yi, K. M. (2001). The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade. Journal of International Economics, Vol.
54, pp. 75-96.
Koopman, R., Wang, Z., and Wei, S. (2014). Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports. American Economic Review, 104(2), 459-94.
Johnson, R. C., (2018). Measuring Global Value Chains. Annual Review of Economics; Vol. 10:207-236.
Johnson, R. C., and Noguera, G. (2012). Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added. Journal of International Economics;
Vol. 86, Iss. 2, pp. 224-236.
Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Kanemoto, K., and Geschke, A. (2013). Building Eora: A Global Multi-regional Input-Output Database at High Country and Sector
Resolution. Economic Systems Research; Vol. 25:1, pp.20-49.
Los, B., and Timmer, M. P. (2018). Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified Framework. NBER Working Paper; No. 24896.
Los, B., Timmer, M. P., and de Vries, G. J. (2016). Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports: Comment. American Economic Review; Vol.
106 (7), pp. 1958-66.
Miroudot, S., and Ye, M. (2018). Tracing value-added and double counting in sales of foreign affiliates and domestic-owned companies. MPRA Paper; No.
85723. University Library of Munich.
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Saved results
icio saves the following in r():
Macros
r(cmd) icio
r(table) the name of the loaded table
r(year) the year of the loaded table
r(version) the vintage of the loaded table
r(exporter) the exporter country
r(importer) the importer country
r(perspective) the perspective
r(approach) the approach
r(origin) the origin country
r(destination) the destination country
r(output) output detail
Matrices
r(vby) matrix containing the results of the supply-final demand analysis
r(detailed) matrix containing the detailed results of the value-added decomposition of trade
r(gtrade) matrix containing the gross trade
r(va) matrix containing the value-added
r(dc) matrix containing the domestic content
r(dva) matrix containing the domestic value-added
r(fc) matrix containing the foreign content
r(fva) matrix containing the foreign value-added
r(gvc) matrix containing the GVC related exports
r(gvcb) matrix containing the GVC related exports, backward
r(gvcf) matrix containing the GVC related exports, forward
Authors
Federico Belotti
Department of Economics and Finance
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy
federico.belotti@uniroma2.it
Alessandro Borin
Bank of Italy
Rome, Italy
alessandro.borin@bancaditalia.it
Michele Mancini
Bank of Italy
Rome, Italy
michele.mancini@bancaditalia.it