{"id":5,"date":"2019-10-04T12:18:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-04T12:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/?page_id=5"},"modified":"2025-10-07T16:02:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T16:02:06","slug":"position-in-global-value-chains","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/","title":{"rendered":"Positioning in Global Value Chains: a comprehensive database"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We make <strong>a comprehensive database of positioning measures<\/strong> &#8211; upstreamness and downstreamness -available to researchers. The measures are based on the most popular Inter-Country Input-Output tables &#8211; ADB MRIO, EORA , OECD TiVA, WIOD, WIOD Long-Run &#8211; and are available at the global, country, and country-sector level.<br>The database will be updated regularly with new data releases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/mancini\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michele Mancini<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/uniroma1.it\/pierluigimontalbano-eng\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pierluigi Montalbano<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/silvianenci\/home?pli=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Silvia Nenci<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uniba.it\/it\/docenti\/vurchio-davide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Davide Vurchio<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:26px\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/tradeconomics.com\/position#download\">Go to the Download section<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-yellow-background-color has-background\">Please cite <strong>Mancini M., Montalbano P., Nenci S., Vurchio D., 2024, Positioning in Global Value Chains: World Map and Indicators, a new dataset available for GVC analyses, <em>World Bank Economic Review<\/em>.<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhae005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">link<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Global production complexity, across different sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"621\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/position-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/position-1.png 621w, https:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/position-1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 621px) 85vw, 621px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>If you are interested in GVC participation and Value-Added measures take a look at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/icio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stata command <code>icio<\/code><\/a>\u00a0and the <a href=\"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/gvc\/global-value-chains.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World Bank WITS GVC Database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>What are these measures?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Upstreamness and downstreamness are measures of positioning in Global Value Chains, computed with data from Inter-Country Input Output tables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-constrained wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Upstreamness <\/strong>of a country\/sector  measures the distance of its productions from the final demand. Far from final use? High Upstreamness. See <em>Antr\u00e0s et al. (2012), Measuring the Upstreamness of Production and Trade Flows, American Economic Review Papers &amp; Proceedings 102(3): 412-416.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Downstreamess <\/strong>of a country\/sector measures the distance from the factors of production (sources of value-added). Far from the source of value-added? High Downstreamness. See <em>Antr\u00e0s, P., and Chor, D. (2013), Organizing the Global Value Chain, Econometrica 81(6): 2127-2204.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>At what level of aggregation are they available?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These measures were originally used to know where single industries are located along global value chains. Nevertheless, they can be aggregated at the country, global industry and global aggregate level. As a matter of fact, at the global aggregate level, upstreamness and downstreamness coincide and are a proxy for global production complexity. See <em>Antr\u00e0s, P. and Chor, D. (2019). On the Measurement of Upstreamness and Downstreamness in Global Value Chains. In L. Y. Ing and M. Yu (Eds.), World Trade Evolution: Growth, Productivity and Employment, Chapter 5, pp. 126\u2013194. Routledge.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"download\">Download the full dataset<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/docs\/readme_positiondata_2025Oct.xlsx\">Readme and countries&#8217; and sectors&#8217; labels<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Full dataset (all sources): <a href=\"https:\/\/tradeconomics.com\/position\/docs\/position_full.dta\">Stata version (dta)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/tradeconomics.com\/position\/docs\/position_full.csv\">CSV version<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhae005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Background paper<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Data sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-constrained wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-container-5 wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><br>ADB<br>EORA<br>OECD TiVA<br>WIOD<br>WIOD Long Run<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Version<\/strong><br>2025<br>199.82<br>2025 <br>2016<br>1.1 2022 Mar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column\">\n<p><strong>Time coverage<br><\/strong>2000; 2007-2024<br>1990-2015<br>1995-2022<br>2000-2014<br>1965-2000<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Please, remember also to cite the original Inter-Country Input-Output database you are using:<br>&#8211; <strong>ADB MRIO<\/strong>: Asian Development Bank MRIOT Database, mrio.adbx.online<br>&#8211; <strong>EORA<\/strong>: Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Kanemoto, K., Geschke, A. 2013. \u2018Building Eora: A Global Multi-regional Input-Output Database at High Country and Sector Resolution.\u2019 Economic Systems Research, 25:1, 20-49. <br><em>Please remember that the Eora MRIO is free for academic (university or grant-funded) work at degree-granting institutions. All other uses require a data license before the results are shared.<\/em><br>&#8211; <strong>OECD-TiVA<\/strong>: OECD, Trade in Value Added database, 2018, oe.cd\/tiva. <br>&#8211; <strong>WIOD<\/strong>: Timmer, M. P., E. Dietzenbacher, B. Los, R. Stehrer and G.J. de Vries, 2015. \u2018An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input-Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production.\u2019 Review of International Economics. 23: 575\u2013605. <br>&#8211; <strong>WIOD Long Run<\/strong>: Woltjer, P., Gouma, R. and Timmer, M. P. (2021), &#8220;Long-run World Input-Output Database: Version 1.1 Sources and Methods&#8221;,&nbsp;<em>GGDC Research Memorandum 190<\/em>. <br><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Last updates <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>October 2025: new versions of OECD TiVA and ADB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>March 2024: new versions of OECD TiVA and ADB. Numerator and denominator of upstreamness and downstreamness added to the dataset. These measures are additive and can be used to compute positioning measures at any level of aggregation, summing them and then taking the ratio.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>November 2022: first release<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We make a comprehensive database of positioning measures &#8211; upstreamness and downstreamness -available to researchers. The measures are based on the most popular Inter-Country Input-Output tables &#8211; ADB MRIO, EORA , OECD TiVA, WIOD, WIOD Long-Run &#8211; and are available at the global, country, and country-sector level.The database will be updated regularly with new data &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tradeconomics.com\/position\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Positioning in Global Value Chains: a comprehensive database&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Position in Global Value Chains: a comprehensive database<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Database of upstreamness and downstreamness measures at the global, country and country-sector level, based on OECD 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